Manual for Program PSTRESS: Peel stress computation

Described is the use of the interactive FORTRAN computer program PSTRESS, which computes a closed form solution for two bonded plates subjected to applied moments, vertical shears, and in-plane forces. The program calculates in-plane stresses in the plates, deflections of the plates, and peel and shear stresses in the adhesive. The document briefly outlines the analytical method used by PSTRESS, describes the input and output of the program, and presents a sample analysis. The results of the latter are shown to be within a few percent of results obtained using a NASTRAN finite element analysis. An appendix containing a listing of PSTRESS is included

Theory of the asymmetric ripple phase in achiral lipid membranes

We present a phenomenological theory of phase transitions in achiral lipid membranes in terms of two coupled order parameters -- a scalar order parameter describing lipid chain melting, and a vector order parameter describing the tilt of the hydrocarbon chains below the chain-melting transition. Existing theoretical models fail to account for all the observed features of the phase diagram, in particular the detailed microstructure of the asymmetric ripple phase lying between the fluid and the tilted gel phase. In contrast, our two-component theory reproduces all the salient structural features of the ripple phase, providing a unified description of the phase diagram and microstructure

Phase behavior of two-component lipid membranes: theory and experiments

The structure of the ripple phase of phospholipid membranes remains poorly understood in spite of a large number of theoretical studies, with many experimentally established structural features of this phase unaccounted for. In this article we present a phenomenological theory of phase transitions in single- and two-component achiral lipid membranes in terms of two coupled order parameters -- a scalar order parameter describing {\it lipid chain melting}, and a vector order parameter describing the {\it tilt of the hydrocarbon chains} below the chain-melting transition. This model reproduces all the salient structural features of the ripple phase, providing a unified description of the phase diagram and microstructure. In addition, it predicts a variant of this phase which does not seem to have been experimentally observed. Using this model we have calculated generic phase diagrams of two-component membranes. We have also determined the phase diagram of a two-component lipid membrane from x-ray diffraction studies on aligned multilayers. This phase diagram is found to be in good agreement with that calculated from the model.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure

Test results for composite specimens and elements containing joints and cutouts

A program was conducted to develop the technology for joints and cutouts in a composite fuselage that meets all design requirements of a large transport aircraft for the 1990s. An advanced trijet derivative of the DC-10 was selected as the baseline aircraft. Design and analysis of a 30-foot-long composite fuselage barrel provided a realistic basis for the test effort. The primary composite material was Hexcel F584 resin on 12 K IM6 fiber, in tape and broadgoods form. Fiberglass broadgoods were used in E-glass and S-glass fiber form in the cutout region of some panels. Additionally, injection-molded chopped graphite fiber/PEEK was used for longeron-to-frame shear clips. The test effort included four groups of test specimens, beginning with coupon specimens of mono-layer and cross-piled laminates, progressing through increasingly larger and more complex specimens, and ending with two 4- by 5-foot curved fuselage side panels. One of the side panels incorporated a transverse skin splice, while the second included two cabin window cutouts

Environmentally induced phenotypic variation in wild yellow-bellied marmots

We thank all the marmoteers who helped in data collection and 2 anonymous reviewers who helped us to clarify our message. AM-C was supported by a Fulbright Fellowship, and JGAM was supported by Fond Québécois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies. KBA was supported by the National Science Foundation between 1962 and 2000. DTB was supported by the National Geographic Society, UCLA (Faculty Senate and the Division of Life Sciences), a Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory research fellowship, and by the National Science Foundation (IDBR-0754247 and DEB-1119660 to DTB as well as DBI 0242960 and 0731346 to the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory).Peer reviewedPostprin

GERANIOL, A COMPONENT OF PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS–A REVIEW OF ITS PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

Essential oils are a mixture of volatile and natural substances, identified and characterized by the strong odor, produced by aromatic plants as secondary metabolites. Their metabolites have a wide range of applications and have been commercially important to the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. One of the plants essential oil Geraniol, a monoterpene alcohol has the verity of pharmacological activities are reported in preclinical studies. Generally, monoterpenes are non nutritive dietary components found in the essential oils of citrus fruits and other plants. Geraniol has antibacterial, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, in vivo and in vitro anticancer against in leukemia, hepatoma, melanoma and pancreatic cancer cell lines, and activity on lipid metabolisms and Mevelonate metabolisms. In this review, article highlights the important pharmacological activities of plant essential oil geraniol.Â

Age-related differences in the structural complexity of subcortical and ventricular structures

It has been well established that the volume of several subcortical structures decreases in relation to age. Different metrics of cortical structure (e.g., volume, thickness, surface area, and gyrification) have been shown to index distinct characteristics of interindividual differences; thus, it is important to consider the relation of age to multiple structural measures. Here, we compare age-related differences in subcortical and ventricular volume to those differences revealed with a measure of structural complexity, quantified as fractal dimensionality. Across 3 large data sets, totaling nearly 900 individuals across the adult lifespan (aged 18–94 years), we found greater age-related differences in complexity than volume for the subcortical structures, particularly in the caudate and thalamus. The structural complexity of ventricular structures was not more strongly related to age than volume. These results demonstrate that considering shape-related characteristics improves sensitivity to detect age-related differences in subcortical structures